Independent Living Archives - DementiaHub.SG

FINGER Model – Prevention of Cognitive Decline

Peter Cher — Mon, 04 Aug 2025 03:59:10 +0000

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The Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER) model is a holistic approach that focuses on lifestyle changes rather than medication. It has gained prominence as a proactive measure against cognitive impairment, underlining the significance of lifestyle interventions in maintaining brain health. Its development has paved the way for a shift in how we perceive and address cognitive decline, embracing a more integrated and preventive strategy.

Understanding Cognitive Decline

Cognitive decline refers to the gradual loss of cognitive abilities, which can affect one’s memory, reasoning, and problem-solving skills. Some cognitive decline is expected with age, but significant cognitive decline can indicate mild cognitive impairment or more severely, Neurocognitive disorders (Dementia). The symptoms often start subtly, like forgetting appointments or struggling with problem solving, but can eventually impact one’s daily life and independence.

It is crucial to prevent cognitive decline to maintain quality of life, allowing individuals to engage fully in personal and social activities. By focusing on prevention, we can delay or even avoid the onset of severe cognitive impairments, ensuring a more vibrant life as we age.

Core Principles of the FINGER Model

The FINGER model is built upon five core components:

Nutrition: A balanced diet that is rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins, which supports cognitive function.
Physical Activity: Regular activities, such as walking, can improve blood flow to the brain and the growth of new neural connections.
Cognitive Training: Activities like puzzles and memory games can keep the brain active and engaged.
Social Engagement: Such engagement provides mental stimulation and emotional support, which are essential for maintaining cognitive health.
Monitoring Risk Factors Related to Cardiovascular Disorders: Controlling of cardiovascular risk factors like blood pressure, cholesterol, blood glucose, and body weight is also important for brain health.

Each of the above components play a vital role in promoting brain health and preventing cognitive decline.

Implementing Lifestyle Measures to Maintain Social Relationships and Keeping the Brain Actively Engaged

Integrating the FINGER model into daily life does not have to be daunting or reinventing one’s daily routine. One can start with small, manageable changes. For instance, including more fruits and vegetables into meals, or frequent brisk walks. These simple steps can make a significant difference over time.

In addition to mental and social activities, integrating physical exercise into one’s routine is crucial in maintaining overall wellbeing. Regular physical activity does not only improve cardiovascular health it also enhances cognitive function by increasing blood flow to the brain.

Whether it is a brisk walk in a park, a yoga session, or a dance class, find an activity that you enjoy and commit to it regularly. Exercise releases endorphins, which can improve mood and reduce stress level, further supports cognitive health. One should aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic activity each week, as recommended by health experts.

A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats provides essential nutrients your brain needs to function optimally. Foods high in antioxidants, like berries, and omega-3 fatty acids found in fish, such as salmon, are particularly beneficial.

Staying hydrated is equally important, as mild dehydration can affect your concentration and cognitive abilities. One should consider consulting a nutritionist to tailor a diet plan that meets one’s specific needs and preferences, fuelling both your body and mind effectively.

Integrating these lifestyle changes lays a strong foundation for long-term cognitive vitality.

A Promising Approach for Local Dementia Care

Although the FINGER model emerged from Finland, it has been implemented in various studies worldwide, including Singapore. Its adaptation signifies an encouraging trend, highlighting its potential to enhance Cognitive support care for individuals and families locally.

Author’s Bio

Hovi Care provides elderly and elderly and cognitive support care services designed to support seniors in achieving a high quality of life through active ageing and holistic wellness programmes. They combine cognitive, social and physical rehabilitation, to support and to meet individual’s needs.

Website: http://www.hovicare.sg/

Alzheimer’s Society (2025). Anxiety and Dementia. https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/about-dementia/symptoms-and-diagnosis/anxiety-dementia.
Barrell, A. (2020). Stress vs. anxiety: How to tell the difference. Medical News Today. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/stress-vs-anxiety
Dementia UK. (October, 2022). Managing anxiety and depression in a person living with dementia. https://www.dementiauk.org/information-and-support/health-advice/managing-anxiety-and-depression-in-a-person-living-with-dementia/

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Location-tracking Technology in Dementia Caregiving

Peter Cher — Mon, 27 Nov 2023 06:42:30 +0000

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When a person living with dementia is still able to run errands such as grocery shopping or manage their personal appointments independently, caregivers should encourage them to continue to do so. These activities, when safely carried out, can help persons living with dementia feel integrated into the community and increase physical and cognitive stimulations that can improve their overall well-being.

Adopting location-tracking technology is one way to empower persons living with dementia to continue to enjoy their routines and outdoor activities, while allowing their caregivers to be involved by keeping watch from a safe distance.

This article explores the use of location-tracking technology* in dementia caregiving, how it works, and some of the consideration factors caregivers should take note of when deciding on a tracking device for their loved ones living with dementia.

*Location-tracking technology allows caregivers to know where a person living with dementia is by showing them the location on a portable device.

Role of Location-tracking Devices in Dementia

As dementia progresses, memory impairment, confusion, and disorientation in a person living with dementia may become a serious concern for caregivers who worry that their loved ones may lose their way while navigating the community or places on their own. Wet weather and unsafe road conditions may also expose a person living with dementia to an increased risk of accidents, falls, and other injuries. The fear and anxiety for their loved one’s safety may lead caregivers to limit outdoor activities of their loved ones living with dementia¹ and, inadvertently, the loss of independence and social interaction.

Whilst safety remains a top priority, it is also important that caregivers strike a balance between the need for safety and their loved ones’ need for autonomy and independence. One of the ways in which caregivers can achieve this is to include a location-tracking solution in their caregiving. This will enhance safety and traceability of their loved ones, and provide peace of mind for caregivers.

How Location-tracking Technology Can Help

1. Enabling Independence and Autonomy

Studies have shown that maintaining a person’s independence, freedom to participate in activities, and the autonomy to make choices for social interactions can contribute positively to improving one’s quality of life. ² Location trackers can enable persons living with dementia to continue their daily outdoor routines, such as strolling, shopping or engaging in social activities with confidence, while providing caregivers with assurance that they can effectively locate their loved ones.

2. Peace of Mind for Caregivers

Location-tracking devices can provide caregivers with information on where their loved ones are at any point in time and help them quickly locate their loved ones in situations where they are lost or require assistance to go home. This can help caregivers to alleviate anxiety and constant worrying.

3. Joint Caregiving

Some location-tracking devices allow multiple caregivers or family members to access tracking information or receive location alerts and updates. This enables a more collaborative approach to care coordination, where family members can be involved in the caregiving process for their loved ones living with dementia.

4. Understanding Daily Routines

When a person living with dementia carries a location-tracking device, the device can store a record of commonly visited places. Such information offers caregivers valuable insights into understanding their loved one’s daily routines, frequently visited locations, as well as behavioural and travel patterns. This provides an in-depth understanding of your loved one’s individual needs, which can be used when tailoring a more effective and person-centred care plan.

Types of Tracking Device Technologies

Location-tracking device or location tracker, as the name suggests, provides real-time or near real-time updates on location information of the person living with dementia who carries it. A location tracker typically consists of a small personal device that is worn or carried by the person living with dementia. This device can send location updates to a designated app or web portal accessible by one or more caregivers via a mobile phone or the web. Depending on the type of technology, location updates may either be in real-time or delayed. These updates also normally include the current location, historical locations, and battery status.

There are different types of technologies used in location trackers that are suitable for persons living with dementia. The more common ones are:

Bluetooth Low Energy (B.L.E.): This leverages Radio Frequency (RF) and Bluetooth technology for wireless communication. It uses Bluetooth signals to interact with nearby devices, such as mobile phones, connected to the Internet to locate a transmitter.³ It covers much shorter distances of between 30-40 meters.⁴ Once outside this range, it may be difficult to gather precise location data. Such a tracker is typically lower in cost, lightweight, and does not require frequent charging.

Global Positioning System (GPS): GPS location tracker uses data from satellites, mobile phones, and Wi-Fi signal networks to determine the location of the GPS receiver. Such a tracker is suited for wider radius and outdoor positioning, but it is less effective in small, indoor spaces. GPS location tracker comes with a built-in GPS receiver that provides tracker’s position in real time; hence, it requires frequent charging. Devices with GPS function typically cost more and may require data SIM cards or monthly data subscription.

Additional Useful Features

Newer locations-tracking devices also come with new functionalities that can further enhance monitoring.

Geofencing

Geofencing feature allows caregivers to create virtual geographical boundaries or safe zones for their loved ones living with dementia. Instant alerts are sent to caregivers’ mobile phones when their loved ones venture outside these virtual boundaries, allowing caregivers to be more vigilant. For example, caregivers can set up alerts when their loved ones leave home at night.

Emergency Call Features

Some location trackers come with built-in telecommunication features, such as an emergency button that notifies caregivers when their loved ones living with dementia require urgent assistance. Such a feature on the location tracker can be useful for a person living with dementia to connect with family members and caregivers when using a mobile phone becomes a challenge.

Fall Detection

Some models of location trackers have in-built motion sensors that trigger an automated alert to caregivers when it detects that the person living with dementia has fallen. This allows caregivers to attend to the person living with dementia immediately.

Caregiver Tips for Selecting Tracking Devices

Selecting the right location-tracking device that is effective and suited to your loved one’s preference is an important decision. There are various factors that caregivers can consider when selecting a device that ensures safety which is also suitable as dementia progresses.

We have listed some helpful tips and considerations to help caregivers to make the right choice.

1. Physical Activity Level

A good starting point is to consider the current physical activity level of your loved one with dementia: What does the daily routine look like? Their specific preferences such as time of day when going about certain activities or their preference for more outdoor or indoor activities. This gives you a sense of the kind of places your loved one frequents, as well as safety precautions to take note of.

For example, if your loved one prefers to go outdoors, selecting devices that offer more precise location tracking with a longer battery life, water resistant, and have more robust features such as fall detection can be considered.

2. Lifestyle Preferences

Caregivers can also consider how location-tracking devices can help their loved ones maintain their routines and interests for as long a period as possible. Understanding lifestyle preferences can also help caregivers determine if the devices should be carried or worn, how discreet these devices are, and whether incorporating alerts and prompts at appropriate times can help support their lifestyles.

Location-tracking devices come in a variety of shapes and sizes. Many of these devices are small, which can be placed on keyrings or wearable items, such as watches, jewelry and even shoes’ in-soles. Caregivers can choose from a range of designs based on preferences of their loved ones.

As dementia progresses, your loved one may gradually forget to use the tracking device. It is advisable for you to talk about these interventions early to give your loved one time to get used to using the device as part of the daily routine.

3. Upkeep & Maintenance

Just like a mobile phone, location-tracking devices need to be charged to be effective for outdoors use. GPS trackers typically require more frequent charging, which is an important factor to consider.

4. Compatibility

Check that the device is compatible with the caregiver’s smartphones and other portable devices. Some location-tracking solutions allow for more than one caregiver to view location information and receive alerts. It is, thus, helpful to select devices that can work across the various mobile operating platforms to maximise effectiveness.

5. Be Ready to Improvise

Caregivers can also consider using different solutions at different stages of dementia to ensure the technology can supplement the abilities of their loved ones.

For example, at the mild stage of dementia where persons living with dementia may still be able to manage their mobile phones, it is possible for the mobile phone to serve as a tracking device with installed maps such as Google Maps or OneMap that generally helps with wayfinding and can be improvised to help with remote monitoring. As dementia progresses, caregivers can then consider GPS-location trackers with other features such as fall detection and geofencing.

Read our article on 10 Ideas for Outdoor Monitoring to find out more about alternative solutions.

6. Contingency Planning

Caregivers and other family members should always discuss implementing an appropriate backup plan in cases where location-tracking devices fail to work or if the person living with dementia removes or misplaces the device. Technology is never 100% failproof and early planning for sources of support available to the caregiver would be a worthwhile exercise for the family to be able to intervene when situations escalate.

Conclusion

Helping persons living with dementia to maintain their sense of freedom, independence and autonomy is an essential part of caregiving. Caregivers may not always be available to accompany their loved ones as they go about their daily activities. Including location-tracking technology into caregiving toolkits can help caregivers balance the need for safety and their loved ones’ need for freedom.

It is advisable to have an open and honest discussion to understand how your loved one feels about introducing technologies. Caregivers should consult healthcare professionals to select a solution that is tailored to their loved one’s unique needs.

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10 Ideas for Outdoor Monitoring

dementiahub — Wed, 15 Nov 2023 09:17:13 +0000

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Looking for a solution to help your loved ones living with dementia to safely enjoy their activities outside the home while offering caregivers the ability to monitor movements from afar?

Below is a list of outdoor tracker solutions and alternatives that may be helpful for caregivers to explore with their loved ones.

*Note: This list is not an endorsement of products. Interested caregivers may wish to contact the respective sellers for more information.

1. Tracker with SOS and Geofencing Capabilities
2. Tracker with Call-and-Fall Detection Capabilities
3. Adapting Bluetooth Trackers
4. Adapting Tracking Through “Find My Device” Apps
5. CARA – Engaging the Community
6. Hyperlocal Dementia Search Networks
7. Tracking Public Transport History
8. Google Maps and Timeline
9. Location Sharing Through Chat Apps
10. Activating Family & Friends

1. Tracker with SOS and Geofencing Capabilities

The Tack GPS offers a small and lightweight personal GPS tracker for real-time tracking (both indoors and outdoors). This device comes with SOS notifications and geofencing capabilities and 30-day battery life. Additional subscription package is required.

For more information: Visit Tack GPS.

2. Tracker with Call-and-Fall Detection Capabilities

The iHelp 2 is a GPS tracker with built-in motion sensors for fall detection. It can auto-trigger SMSes and calls in emergencies. This tracker is equipped with an SOS call button to communicate with family members.

For more information: Visit OMG Solutions.

3. Adapting Bluetooth Trackers

Bluetooth trackers are an option for caregivers to explore. However, these trackers come with limitations to take into consideration when assessing their suitability. This range of trackers are readily available and are less costly than GPS trackers. They are great for indoor tracking to help pinpoint users’ general location. They require little installation, come with extended battery life, and are easy to use.

As these devices rely on Bluetooth signals paired with devices, these trackers typically have a limited radius of about 30 meters. Bluetooth signals may also weaken in indoor spaces due to walls and other obstructions, making it difficult for trackers to accurately provide location data outside of the signal range.

These trackers are best suited for loved ones who are mostly accompanied and tend to stay close to their caregivers.

Bluetooth trackers are readily found on all online marketplaces.

4. Adapting Tracking Through “Find My Device” Apps

Smart phones are natural GPS receivers. If your loved ones living with dementia is carrying a smartphone or wearables such as smart watches, you will be able to track the location of your loved ones through the native “Find My Device” feature.

These apps are free for use. The devices of your loved ones can be added to the device list to provide general location of your loved ones’ whereabouts.

The “Find My Device” app is a good option if you loved ones are actively carrying their charged mobile devices.

5. CARA – Engaging the Community

Developed by Dementia Singapore with the support of AIC and the Dementia-Friendly Singapore movement, the CARA mobile app is a lifestyle and community digital platform created specifically for the dementia community.

CARA is an alternative to provide caregivers with a peace of mind while their loved ones actively engage in the community.

Membership is open to persons living with dementia, caregivers, and the general public. Sign-up is currently free. Verified caregivers will receive an electronic membership card and verified persons living with dementia members are issued a physical card with a unique QR code identifier. This card can be shown to members of the public if your loved ones require assistance, and the member of public will be able to scan the unique identifier and call the registered caregiver(s).

Persons living with dementia and caregivers can also access a range of specially curated benefits to encourage persons living with dementia to continue their participation in community activities. This mobile app is also integrated with Vintage Radio, enabling access to music from the yesteryears.

Although it is not classified specifically as a tracking device, CARA leverages technology and the community to help keep a lookout for persons living with dementia who may be distressed while outside their home.

Caregivers will also be able to notify the CARA community when their loved ones are found to be missing, enabling caregivers to enlist help from members of the CARA community to search for their loved ones.

These notifications have also been integrated with the Municipal Services Office’s OneService App, amplifying the broadcast of notifications to a larger search network.

Read more about CARA:

Visit cara.sg to download the app
CARA: A Pioneering Membership Programme

Dementia care: OneService app broadcasts missing person reports to its 500,000-plus users

Source: ChannelNewsAsia

CARA is currently tied up with MSO’s OneService app to help persons with dementia who are lost to reunite with their families much quicker and more effectively, widening the search process.

6. Hyperlocal Dementia Search Networks

Another initiative by the Community Outreach Team (CREST) team at AWWA is the Woodlands-Sembawang Dementia Search Activation Network (DSAN) that helps to facilitate searches for lost seniors in the neighbourhood via Telegram chat.

Caregivers living within the Woodlands-Sembawang vicinity may register to join this chat channel and broadcast to the group if their loved ones go missing. The group will be notified to actively support.

Read more about DSAN:

Building a Telegram Community to Find Lost Seniors with Dementia
Register to join the Telegram Chat channel here

7. Tracking Public Transport History

For persons living with dementia who prefer to move around on their own via public transport, caregivers may consider a combination of technologies to support their loved ones’ while monitoring their transit movements.

The EZ-Link has developed the Family Account feature on the EZ-Link app where caregivers are able to add their loved one’s SimplyGo EZ-Link card details to their Family Account. Through the Family Account, caregivers can monitor their loved ones’ detailed transit history, including the latest bus stop and MRT station they were at with their EZ-Link cards. This may be helpful for caregivers to narrow down their location based on last known MRT station or bus stop.

Caregivers will have to upgrade their loved ones’ EZ-Link cards to SimplyGo EZ-Link in order for it to be added to the Family Account.

All concessionary privileges will remain, and caregivers will also be able to top up their loved ones’ SimplyGo EZ-Link cards through the app without using the physical card.

For more information:

Visit ezlink.com.sg
The Straits Times: New ez-link family account feature lets users link 7 cards to 1 account and top them up remotely

8. Google Maps and Timeline

For persons living with dementia who are still carrying their mobile phones, another helpful solution is the use of the Timeline feature in Google Maps. Google Maps is free for use and a good wayfinding solution. To use the Timeline feature, you will need to enable “Location Sharing” on Google Maps on your loved ones’ smartphone. This can then be shared with trusted caregivers and family members.

Google Timeline tracks places visited by your loved ones and creates a day-by-day historical record of your loved one’s movements, providing caregivers with insights into their loved ones frequently visited locations and daily routine.

In cases your loved ones go missing, a guided search feature can help guide caregivers to their loved ones last known location.

9. Location Sharing Through Chat Apps

For persons living with dementia who are still fairly proficient with chat apps, these chat apps come with additional features which allow persons living with dementia to share their locations with their caregivers. Chat apps such as WhatsApp, Telegram, and WeChat have this feature. Caregivers can discuss this function with their loved ones.

An alternative to this is to request for your loved ones to take photos of prominent landmarks and their surroundings (when feeling disoriented) to help caregivers locate their precise location.

10. Activating Family & Friends

Life360 is a family safety mobile application that helps families track movements of members within a private family circle. Caregivers will be able to view the location history of their loved ones living with dementia and place an SOS message to the family circle should the need arises.

One-tap direction is also a helpful feature to guide caregivers to their loved ones when needed.

This app is currently free for use, but it comes with a monthly subscription for additional safety features.

For more information: Visit life360.com

Every person living with dementia is unique. They have different needs and preferences. Caregivers may consider using a combination of different technological solutions to ensure the safety of their loved ones.

We encourage caregivers to view technology as a compensatory option to continue supporting your loved ones with dementia to remain active. The usage of these tools can be modified over time as your loved ones’ ability change over time.

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Preparing for Doctor’s Visit

Admin — Wed, 19 Oct 2022 18:53:51 +0000

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Being well-prepared for a doctor’s visit will be beneficial to you and your loved one living with dementia.

Keep a symptom diary for your loved one

A diary helps you keep track of signs and symptoms experienced by your loved one. Record the symptoms or behaviours exhibited – when and how they started and how frequently they happen – and use these records to communicate any concerns you may have when it comes to caring for your loved one. This will also help the doctor in keeping track and administering a more tailored treatment plan.

Maintain an appointment log of your loved one’s medical appointments

This will help you keep track of your loved one’s medical appointments, especially if they have several doctors. Get the most from a doctor’s visit by having a clear objective or by preparing questions.

Each entry into the appointment log records the discussion such as the treatment options recommended and any other notes from your doctor. This will also be helpful when caregiving arrangements are shared among family members, ensuring continuity of care for your loved one.

Plan for the actual trip to the doctor

Most public transportation officers are trained to support persons with mobility issues. Private hires like Grab Assist can also help with your loved one’s trip to the doctor. Choose the most comfortable schedule for you and your loved one, keeping the time around your scheduled trip free from appointments to ensure a comfortable travel. They may also experience stress and anxiety from being in an unfamiliar environment, so always prepare for emergencies by bringing:

A change of clothes
Toiletries
Towels
Mobility aids
Snacks and water

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CARA: A Pioneering Membership Programme

Admin — Fri, 21 Oct 2022 09:07:49 +0000

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What is CARA?

Community | Assurance | Rewards | Acceptance

CARA is a lifestyle and community digital platform that offers tools and resources to support persons living with dementia and their caregivers through their journey.

With CARA, caregivers can rely on key safety features such as Safe Return and Report Missing Person, which provide assurance that their loved ones with dementia can continue to move about independently and safely within the community. By enabling family members and friends to stay connected through their Care Circle, CARA also strengthens shared caregiving and ensures everyone stays informed.

Members can also access resources, and enjoy rewards and perks from dementia-friendly partners, helping to ease day-to-day caregiving challenges while encouraging meaningful, engaged lives for those with dementia.

Be Part of the CARA Community!

CARA is open to everyone who wishes to support the dementia community, even if you are not living with or caring for someone with dementia. Through the app, members can learn more about dementia, receive alerts to assist in reuniting lost persons with their caregivers, and become part of a supportive network of CARA advocates.

Latest Enhancements

The Dementia Go-to Point Locator feature in CARA helps members of the public easily find nearby safe return points in the community where they can bring persons with dementia to receive assistance.

In partnership with SPH Media, CARA’s Radio and Podcast feature lets all users tune in to a variety of channels directly from the app. Previously offering only Vintage Radio SG, it now includes 4 local radio stations and 8 English and Mandarin podcasts focused on positivity, health and reminiscence.

As part of Dementia Singapore, CARA works with caregivers, organisations, and the community to create a stronger, more inclusive dementia care ecosystem.

To find out more about CARA, visit their website.

Who Can Sign Up, and How?

CARA membership is available to all Singapore residents. Members living with dementia will receive a physical CARA card and e-card in the app. Caregivers will only receive the e-card.

To sign up, download the CARA SG mobile application from Google Play for Android users or the App Store for Apple iOS users and you will be guided through the sign-up process.

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Related Resource

When CARA Helped Reunite a Lost Senior with His Family

Source: Dementia Singapore

Learn more about how CARA was used to reunite a person living with dementia member with his family.

Read Article

New mobile app helps reunite lost persons with dementia with their caregivers

Source: CNA

A new mobile app has been developed to help reunite people with dementia and their caregivers. Dementia Singapore’s CARA allows the public to inform caregivers should a dementia patient become lost.

Dementia care: OneService app broadcasts missing person reports to its 500,000-plus users

Source: CNA

Persons with dementia who are lost can now be reunited with their families, quicker.

The post CARA: A Pioneering Membership Programme appeared first on DementiaHub.SG.

Living Independently with Dementia

Admin — Sat, 08 Oct 2022 09:57:35 +0000

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There are many changes that come along with living independently with dementia.

If you are staying on your own and currently living with early-stage dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI), here are some tips to cope with the changes to maintain your independence for as long as possible.

Have a regular daily routine
Create a regular routine, which makes it easier for you to remember what to do in a day. You may consider different types of activities on some days, such as meeting a loved one and going out to have fun. These activities will help your days be more meaningful and engaging, and prevent from being mundane or boring.

Organise your day
Place a calendar or notebook at a place where you can see frequently such as on the door of your refrigerator. On this calendar, you can use it to keep track of your:

• To-do list for the day
• Appointments, such as medical appointments, meeting your family and friends, etc.
• Strike off tasks and appointments when you complete them. At the end of each day, cross out the date on your calendar, as this helps you to be certain of the date when you wake up the next day.
• You may also keep a diary to journal down your everyday activities.
• You can write a few sentences, stick photos and memos (meal receipts, grocery lists and receipts, movie tickets, etc.) to indicate what you have done. You can also write your feelings for the day.
• From time to time, you can look back at this diary to remind you what you did or felt previously.

Use labels and notes
You can stick labels on your cupboards to remind you of the items that are stored inside. You can also stick notes on your main door to remind you to bring your keys and wallet when you head out of the house.

How to remember to pay bills
To avoid missing payments, consider setting up GIRO arrangements to pay the bills from your billing organisations (utility providers, telecommunications companies, insurance companies, etc.). You can apply for GIRO arrangements through Internet Banking or by calling the billing organisations for their GIRO application forms.

If you are concerned that you may forget about the bank account and the GIRO standing instruction, you can ask a trusted person to remind you about it occasionally.

• You can write the bank’s hotline number at a place you usually look at every day in case you need to contact the bank.
• Alternatively, you may ask someone you trust to help you pay your bills. This person can also help to review your financial statements and inform you of any unusual activity.

How to manage medications
There are several products which you can use to help you organise and schedule medication dosages. These products include weekly pill boxes and electronic pill boxes with an alarm clock. You can buy these boxes at pharmacies or online stores. Alternatively, you can create reminders on your phone or computer to take your medications.

Ensure Your Home Is Safe

Making minor modifications to your home can help create a safer and simpler environment for you to continue living independently with dementia. For example:

Create more open spaces
Get rid of unused items such as clothing, appliances, and furniture that are taking up space in your home. Paths to common places, such as corridors leading to your kitchen and bathroom(s) should be direct and free of obstacles.

Remove items to minimise fall risk
Remove or tack down carpets and rugs to prevent slippage. Remove or ensure that electrical cords and wires are tied away (along the walls or at a corner) from pathways for walking to minimise the possibility of tripping over them. Falls can cause injury and disability and make living alone inconvenient or challenging.

Improve lighting
Install night lights in your living room, bedrooms, toilets, and/or along the hallways. Adequate lighting can help you to see better and move around safely at night. Another affordable but useful installation you can make is to make light switches easier to locate by applying glow-in-the-dark tape over them.

Use a stove which turns off automatically
Instead of using a gas stove, consider installing a time-controlled gas hob which has a digital timer that automatically cuts off the gas supply after a pre-set time is up. Read a news article by the Straits Times on gas hobs with safety features.

It is very dangerous should you forget to turn off your gas stove and leave it running. If the stove emits too much flammable gas to the environment after it is left running, a spark can easily set fire to the gas and cause a fire in the house.

Alternatively, consider using an electric stove or induction cooker which switches off automatically when it does not detect pots and pans on its surface.

Install a Home Fire Alarm Device (HFAD)
You can also install a Home Fire Alarm Device (HFAD) if your house does not already have one. The HFAD can detect an incipient fire or white smoke from unattended cooking or electrical fire within the house, and sound an alarm to alert the occupant. When one is alerted about the fire in the house, he/she can either attend to the small fire, or call 995 and escape. Find out more about HFAD.

Find the list of retailers who provide HFADs on SCDF’s website.

Install other safety devices
Other safety devices you may want to consider include GPS trackers, emergency alert buttons, and fall monitors. Ask a family or friend to help you buy the right device and set it up for you.

The 360° Virtual Reality Dementia-Friendly HDB Home Design Guide
Visit the latest 360° Virtual Reality Dementia-Friendly HDB Home Design Guide to learn how best to modify your home based on your needs and preferences to continue living independently with dementia.

Carry Your CARA Membership Card

The CARA membership card is helpful in case you get lost or need help. It replaces the former National Council of Social Service (NCSS) Safe Return Card, which now comes with enhanced features. The CARA membership card contains a QR code unique to the registered person living with dementia. In the event that you are lost, members of the public can scan this QR code to raise an alert via form submission. Once the form is submitted, your family or friend tagged to your account will be informed and will be able to help you to safely return home.

Find out more about CARA.

Build Your Support System

Identify people whom you can trust
Identify family and friends whom you can trust and have them as your emergency contacts. Write their phone numbers on a piece of paper and stick it beside your home phone, or save their numbers in your mobile phone. Consider entering their numbers into your speed dial contacts.

Consider sharing your diagnosis with neighbours whom you can trust
Good neighbours can be like family, and they are people who live in the closest proximity to you. If they are aware of your dementia diagnosis, they can keep a lookout and support you when you appear lost or require help.

Go for your scheduled medical appointments
Do not skip the medical appointments with your doctor who oversees care for your dementia condition.

• Your doctor can keep track of the changes associated with your dementia, and both develop and track a care plan for you that has your best interests at heart.

• Your doctor can also provide you with recommendations if you require additional care services (such as medication management services, medical escort services, assistance with daily living activities), or if participating in some programmes in the community may benefit you.

Join support groups
Dementia Singapore has multiple services and programmes for persons living with dementia. You can call Dementia Singapore’s helpline at 6377 0700 or visit the website to find out more. Connecting with like-minded individuals and seeking emotional and social support from them may give you strength in knowing that you are not alone in your dementia journey.

Keep Your Mind & Body Healthy

Living independently with dementia also includes adopting a healthy lifestyle. Keeping physically active, eating a healthy and balanced diet, getting enough sleep, and engaging in social activities have shown to help slow down dementia progression.

Physical exercises
Healthy food recipes
Sleep well – Try to get at least 7 to 8 hours of sleep every night.
Social activities – Continue to stay connected with your family and friends, visit and chat with them regularly. You may also join a programme at Dementia Singapore.

As your dementia progresses to moderate and advanced stages, alternative living arrangements have to be made because it may no longer be safe for you to to live independently.

It is important to include your loved ones (family and/ or friends) in this discussion on alternative living arrangements so that they understand the way you prefer to be cared for. Ideally, you should start these discussions as early as you can in your dementia journey. Find out more about what you can discuss with your loved ones here: Financial and Legal Support

Related Resources

Clear Calendar for Persons Living with Dementia

This calendar was created to empower persons living with dementia to orientate themselves to the date/day of the week and other special occasions, and maintain independence in self-care roles by keeping track of their tasks, including activities of daily living, taking medication and appointments. Watch the video for a step-by-step guide on how to assemble the calendar.

Download Calendar

Watch Video

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Dementia and Driving Safety

Admin — Sat, 08 Oct 2022 04:17:40 +0000

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Driving can represent independence and freedom for a person. One of the first concerns caregivers have when a loved one is diagnosed with dementia is whether or not he or she should drive.

While it may seem like an easy and automatic activity for frequent drivers, safe driving is a complex task which requires a range of cognitive abilities,^1-4 such as:

• Attention and concentration:
To focus on and switch between different driving tasks while ‘reading’ the road;

• Visuospatial skills:
To keep to the right speed, distance and road position;

• Problem-solving skills:
To deal with any incidents and challenges on the road, such diversions or obstacles;

• Judgement and decision-making:
For example, to understand and prepare for the behaviours of other drivers;

• Fast reaction time and skills:
For example, to act quickly to avoid an accident; and

• Memory:
For example, to remember a route.^3,4

When Should A Person Stop Driving?

A dementia diagnosis does not always mean a person has to stop driving immediately. Some individuals in the early stages of dementia or who have mild cognitive impairment (MCI) still drive.⁵

However, dementia is a progressive condition that affects a person’s cognitive functions. It can thus gradually affect your ability to drive safely, compromising the safety of yourself and others. When you and the people around you notice more signs of unsafe driving, driving is no longer an option and you must stop.

Signs of Unsafe Driving

Getting lost when on familiar routes to places you know well
Not staying in the lane (drift between lanes)
Confusing the brake and gas pedals
Failing to observe traffic signs
Making slow or poor decisions in traffic
Hitting curbs or rounding a bend
Road hogging or speeding
Becoming angry or confused easily and frequently while on the road
Being involved in minor accidents or near-misses
Getting more traffic fines

Deciding to stop driving is a difficult decision, but it does not mean the end of your independence and freedom.

For your own safety and that of others on the road, it is important for you to be honest and open about your condition to your doctor and loved ones. Do not withhold information from your doctor to keep your license since this may put both you and others at risk.¹

Look for Alternative Transportation Options

Devise a New, Safe Driving Arrangement

If you are still able to drive, speak with your loved ones and doctor to come up with a new driving arrangement that will allow you to drive safely on the road.

Driving after a diagnosis

Source: Alzheimer’s WA

This video showcases the journey in which Tom, who is living with dementia, and his family have gone through in coming up with a new driving arrangement that still allows him to drive independently, whilst ensuring his safety and that of others on the road.

Swap Roles - Sit in the Passenger Seat

Here is an example of how a caregiver in Singapore worked together with her loved one living with dementia to make the transition from driver seat to passenger seat a more tolerable one:

Steven & Lai Quen's Story

Lai Quen is the primary caregiver to her husband, Steven, who was diagnosed with young-onset dementia at 58. In the mild stage of his dementia, Steven was still able to drive independently and safely after his diagnosis. However, when he was 64, Lai Quen noticed a significant change in his spatial awareness and mood while driving and parking the car. Even in instances when Lai Quen was in the driver seat, she had noticed that Steven’s instructions, such as ones to avoid drivers who were driving supposedly too near the car, did not seem to tally with what was actually happening on the road. This led Lai Quen to the decision that it was better for Steven to stop driving altogether. This decision was later validated by his doctor as well.

The transition from being in the driver seat to the passenger seat was an arduous one for both of them. Steven was frustrated because he could no longer perform a task he used to be able to do all the time. Concurrently, Lai Quen was stressed because she had to manage his frustrations and figure out creative ways to get in the driver seat before he did. After a period of 6 months, Steven has come to accept his new permanent role as passenger.

Now, this what the arrangement looks like:

• When Lai Quen is available, she drives Steven around. A natural conversationalist, Steven will inform her of specific landmarks to look out for as he is still rather familiar with his routes. Lai Quen encourages this as his memory of landmarks and areas around Singapore is still intact.

• However, he has the habit of giving her a series of instructions to follow while she is driving. To combat this, Lai Quen acknowledges that she hears him, will heed some of his instructions if relevant, or engage him in conversation about their surroundings.

All in all, she tries her best to involve Steven in the process of getting from one place to another, even though she holds the car keys.

Public Transport

Fortunately, Singapore’s public transport system is amongst the best in the world. You can easily get around Singapore by various modes of transport – by taxi, private-hire car, MRT, and/or bus.

To help with your transition, you can begin taking public transport more often while you are still capable of driving. For example, you can take the public transport to your neighbourhood to buy your groceries, to a community centre, or to the shopping centre.

Read: Practical Tips on Taking Public Transport for persons living with dementia.

GrabAssist

GrabAssist is a transport option by the company Grab that offers additional assistance to seniors and persons with disabilities.

Drivers under this transport option are trained to assist passengers with mobility disabilities. For example, they are able to assist with safely transferring a person from a wheelchair to the car seat.

In addition, GrabAssist Plus is another transport option by Grab, available daily from 8am-8pm. Under this option, passengers can travel without dismounting from their wheelchairs, as vehicles in this option are equipped with ramp access. Users may access this service by clicking on the ‘Value-Added’ Tab when booking a trip on the Grab app.

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Tips on Taking Public Transport for Persons with Dementia

Admin — Wed, 07 Sep 2022 11:51:34 +0000

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Public transportation is a common mode of transport for people in Singapore. This does not change even with the onset of dementia. Having easy access to transportation enables persons living with dementia to stay connected to their friends, families, and community. It also provides access to healthcare service locations, such as the hospital.

As dementia progresses, navigating the complex public transport network may become more complicated for persons living with dementia. While one way to overcome this challenge is to arrange your own transportation for your loved one, it is also equally important to empower persons living with dementia to live independently for as long as they are able to do so. It is hence essential for caregivers to be aware of transportation options available in their local community, and ways they can make travel on public transport a safer experience for their loved one living with dementia.

Difficulty remembering transport routes
Disorientation of their sense of time and place
Misplacing items whilst travelling (for e.g., ezlink card, bag)
Decreased judgement, resulting in difficulty planning and organising transport
Difficulty communicating their desired travel route to transport operators
Changes in mood or behaviour whilst using public transport

A person living with dementia should be aided by a caregiver as they may not feel comfortable travelling alone. Not allowing a person living with dementia to go out may make them socially isolated and put them at risk of feeling depressed.

Helpful Tips for Safely Travelling on Public Transport With Your Loved Ones

1. Carefully plan the route before they make the journey

Plan the trip ahead of time with your loved one, and point out landmarks that may be familiar to them so that they have an expectation of where they are going.

2. Allow adequate time for travel

It is also helpful to allocate more time for travel to allow your loved one to go about their journey at a comfortable pace, and not feel rushed to get from one place to another.

3. Take note of situations that may make your loved one feel uncomfortable

Where possible, avoid travelling during peak hours and busy areas which may cause disorientation for your loved one.

4. Bring along a friend or relative for extra support if needed

5. Consider alternative transportation options

6. Prepare your loved one and yourself for the situation in which they are lost

Initiatives by Local Transport Providers

In order to make our public transportation systems more dementia-friendly and inclusive for persons with dementia, our local transport providers have rolled out a number of notable initiatives to aid persons with dementia safely navigate the public transport network. These are helpful resources for caregivers to tap on.

Dementia Go-To Points

Go-To SMRT

Source: SMRT Corporation

This video showcases the Go-To initiative by SMRT. In an effort to make our public transport facilities more dementia-inclusive, front-line staff have been trained to assist seniors and commuters with special needs and dementia. This initiative covers Dementia Go-To-Points, WeCare Rooms.

The Go-To Initiative was launched in April 2021 throughout the SMRT network to provide first aid, help in locating missing children or elders, and other forms of assistance at its bus interchange and train station premises. As part of this initiative, MRT stations and bus interchanges have been designated as Dementia Go-To Points (GTPs). These Go-to Points serve as ‘safe return’ points where the public can bring persons living with dementia who are lost to find their way or find their caregivers. GTPs also serve as places where people can access information and resources about dementia, and link people to dementia-related services

Front-line staff at these Go-to Points have been trained to handle situations involving persons from certain groups, including seniors, those with special needs and disabilities, and persons living with dementia. They can also assist in providing first aid, if necessary. In the event your loved ones goes missing, you can also go to the nearest Go-to Point to see if others have brought your loved one there. Go-to Points serve as ‘safe return points’ where members of the public can bring lost persons living with dementia. The staff at Go-to Points are trained to identify and aid persons living with dementia to find their way or reunite with caregivers.

To check if the stations in your planned commute are Go-To points, you can search them using the directory of listed Go-To Points. Alternatively, you can click the buttons below to find the lists of Go-To Points sorted by region.

WeCare Rooms

If your loved one appears tired while travelling through major bus interchanges, look for the reserved seating in bus queues at major bus interchanges and priority boarding lanes at train stations, which may help make the ride more comfortable if your loved one has mobility difficulties or is using a wheelchair.

If your loved one seems distressed while traveling through stations, you may want to take them to a quieter WeCare room. Expand the list below to see which stations are equipped with WeCare rooms.

MRT Stations

Ang Mo Kio
Aljunied
Bugis
Buona Vista
Bishan
Canberra
Jurong
Yishun
Simei
Novena
Kent Ridge
Kembangan
Lakeside
Lavender
Paya Lebar
Queenstown
Redhill

Bus Interchanges

Yishun Integrated Transport Hub
Woodlands Integrated Transport Hub
Bukit Panjang Transport Hub
Sembawang Bus Interchange
Choa Chu Kang Bus Interchange

'Find Your Way' Initiative

The Find Your Way initiative makes use of the Reminiscence approach in aiding persons with dementia to easily navigate bus interchanges and MRT stations. This initiative was co-developed with persons living with dementia, who were consulted on the mural designs, placement and colour coding of bus berths.

These murals use familiar imagery from childhood games or activities for seniors to mark out walkways leading to different exits. Your loved one with dementia can easily identify the bus berth to take their service using the corresponding mural and colour, together with directional floor signs. Certain neighbourhoods, and stations under the Find Your Way initiative have wayfinding murals. For instance, if your loved one is headed towards Toa Payoh, the bus interchange is ‘zoned’ with corresponding nostalgic murals as pictured on the left.

Image source: SBS Transit

'Find Your Way' Initiative

“Find Your Way” is an initiative by SBS Transit Ltd and Dementia Singapore to help persons living with dementia find their way around bus interchanges and MRT stations with greater ease and confidence.

In the first of a two-part series, journey with Emily Ong, a prominent dementia advocate and person living with dementia, as she finds her way around Ang Mo Kio Bus Interchange using strategically installed murals.

Source: Dementia Singapore

In this part of a two-part series, navigate around Kovan MRT with Anjang, an advocate for dementia and a person living with dementia. Can you identify the mural he is relying on to bring him to his loved one?

Source: Dementia Singapore

'May I Have a Seat Please' Initiative

The May I Have a Seat Please initiative presented by the Caring SG Commuters Committee aims to help commuters with invisible medical conditions alert fellow commuters that they would like a seat on public transport.

Persons living with dementia may obtain a specially-designed card and lanyard from the Passenger Service Centres at MRT stations, bus interchanges or TransitLink Ticket Offices.

Image source: Ministry of Transport

Prepare your loved one and yourself for when they are lost

CARA Mobile Application

Before your loved one takes public transportation, you can make copies of their IC and other necessary identification documents and keep the original copy on your person. Having the person carry identification (such as the CARA Membership Card) can help others know how to contact you or return your loved one home in case they are lost.

Image Source: CARA

Family Account on the EZ-Link Mobile Application

For persons living with dementia who still prefer to move around on their own on the public transport system, caregivers may consider a combination of technologies to support their social engagements while monitoring their transit movements.

EZ-Link has developed the Family Account feature on the EZ-Link app which enables caregivers to track dependents’ detailed transit history locations on SimplyGo EZ-Link cards that have been paired with the Family Account.

This can be helpful to narrow down their loved ones’ search vicinity of their loved ones should the need arise. In the event you lose sight of your loved one or get separated from them, try to stay calm and track their last known location. You can also top up their card remotely through the Family Account feature.

If your loved one uses a regular EZ-Link card and does not have a smartphone, you can also view their transit history after adding their EZ-Link card to your own account. Simply “Add card as a new card” on the SimplyGo app using the 16-digit CAN ID found on the back of your loved one’s EZ-Link card. You can upgrade their EZ-Link card to SimplyGo EZ-Link via any ticketing machine at bus interchanges or MRT stations.

Considering Alternative Transport Options

If you need to travel during peak hours, or if taking public transport might be difficult for you and your loved one, you might want to consider alternative transport options such as GrabAssist.

GrabAssist drivers are trained to assist passengers with mobility difficulties, such as safely dismounting a person from a wheelchair to the car seat. GrabAssist Plus is a new initiative launched by Grab that allows passengers to travel without dismounting from their wheelchairs, as the vehicles are equipped with ramp access. GrabAssist Plus trips are only available from 8am-8pm. You can find these services under the ‘Value-Added’ Tab when booking your trip on the app.

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Employment for Persons with Young-onset Dementia

Admin — Sun, 02 Oct 2022 10:49:55 +0000

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Work plays a central role in our lives, providing us with a sense of fulfilment, personal development, and income. There are many decisions to make about employment for persons with young-onset dementia, including whether or not to tell your employer, what changes could be made to the workplace and how long to continue working.

The issues related to deciding whether or not to tell an employer about a diagnosis of young-onset dementia can be very complex. There are no set rules that will work for everyone. For many people it will depend on the extent to which symptoms affect their ability to do their job, the pace at which symptoms are progressing, and the support that may be required of (or that’s likely to be offered by) the employer.

There may be no impact on employment for persons with young-onset dementia at the early stages, although a person’s ability to do their work is likely to be affected over time. It is important for people with young-onset dementia to consider a number of options before making a decision about continuing with on-going employment and/ or informing their employer.

Assessing the Employment Situation

Consider possible safety risks associated with dementia symptoms (for example, if operating machinery, being responsible for financial matters or driving work vehicles) and if there is a duty of care to inform an employer or clients receiving a service.
Allow time to absorb the diagnosis and don’t rush into any decisions.
Fully review all aspects of the situation before telling an employer.
Talk to family, health professionals and where appropriate, a union representative or anti-discrimination advocate about working conditions and health issues.
Before considering resignation from employment, seek consultation and advice about employee entitlements and rights.

It may be useful to consider:

Job satisfaction or work performance in the current role.
Access to staff counselling.
Number of years of service to the company.
Nature of the work you do, and whether changes associated with young onset dementia may affect others.
Ability of the company to provide support.
Relationships with peers and management.
Whether it may be possible to change or reduce duties or put in place supports that may assist in carrying out the job.
Available superannuation, death or disability insurance.
Availability of an advocate when interacting with the employer.

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Independent Living Archives - DementiaHub.SG

FINGER Model – Prevention of Cognitive Decline

Understanding Cognitive Decline

Core Principles of the FINGER Model

Implementing Lifestyle Measures to Maintain Social Relationships and Keeping the Brain Actively Engaged

A Promising Approach for Local Dementia Care

Author’s Bio

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Location-tracking Technology in Dementia Caregiving

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10 Ideas for Outdoor Monitoring

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Keep a symptom diary for your loved one

Maintain an appointment log of your loved one’s medical appointments

Plan for the actual trip to the doctor

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CARA: A Pioneering Membership Programme

What is CARA?

Community | Assurance | Rewards | Acceptance

Be Part of the CARA Community!

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Living Independently with Dementia

In this Article

Make Everyday Tasks Easier

Ensure Your Home Is Safe

Carry Your CARA Membership Card

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Keep Your Mind & Body Healthy

Related Resources

Was this article helpful?

What went wrong?

Tell us how we can improve?

Thank you for your feedback!

Follow us on social media:

1. Tracker with SOS and Geofencing Capabilities

2. Tracker with Call-and-Fall Detection Capabilities

3. Adapting Bluetooth Trackers

4. Adapting Tracking Through “Find My Device” Apps

5. CARA – Engaging the Community

6. Hyperlocal Dementia Search Networks

7. Tracking Public Transport History

8. Google Maps and Timeline

9. Location Sharing Through Chat Apps

10. Activating Family & Friends