Dementia Practice Archives - DementiaHub.SG

Expressive Arts Therapy: An Introduction

Peter Cher — Tue, 16 Dec 2025 02:38:03 +0000

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Rather than focusing on artistic skill, Expressive Arts Therapy emphasises the process of creating as a way to explore feelings, experiences, and inner conflicts that may be difficult to express verbally.

Guided by a trained therapist, persons living with dementia use multiple art forms to access insight, reduce stress, build resilience, and foster integration of mind, body, and emotions in a safe, supportive environment.

Expressive Arts Therapy or EXAT is a form of psychotherapy that integrates multiple art forms—such as visual art, music, dance/movement, drama, and writing—within a therapeutic process. It is grounded in person-centred and humanistic theories; and based on models like the Expressive Therapies Continuum (ETC) and principles of intermodal arts integration.

EXAT differs from traditional, single-modality art therapies, for example art therapy or music therapy, by intentionally combining diverse artistic forms to support emotional expression, self-exploration, cognitive stimulation, and psychological healing. It provides a non-verbal, sensory-rich pathway of communication for persons living with dementia, as verbal communication often becomes more challenging as dementia progresses.

The table below shows how different art forms can be used in EXAT with a specific intention:

Art Form	Examples of Use	Intention
Music	Listen to music, singing, or playing instruments.	To reduce agitation and anxiety; moderate mood; and support non-verbal communication.
Drama	Use movement, role-play, puppetry, mirroring, or improvisational storytelling.	To externalise inner conflicts and gain new perspectives in a safe and supported environment.
Dance/ Movement	Use body movements and gestures to express emotions, opinons, thoughts, and identity.	To promote mind-body sensitivity and awareness, emotional release and expression.
Poetry/ Storytelling	Journal down poetry, narrative storytelling, free writing.	Bridges the gap between visuals and feelings, allowing one to articulate unspoken thoughts, gain insights and construct meanings.
Visual Art	Create or engage with images through painting, drawing, sculpting or art appreciation.	To access, process and communicate complex emotions, thoughts, and trauma.

Differentiate Expressive Arts Therapy from Expressive Arts Programmes

EXAT is often misunderstood as or confused with Expressive Arts Programme. It is, therefore, essential to know the differences between these two approaches.

What Expressive Arts Therapy (EXAT) Is	What Expressive Arts Programme Is
A psychotherapy approach delivered by a trained mental health professional that integrates multiple art modalities within a therapeutic framework.	Recreational, educational, or social activities involving art, music, dance, or other creative forms without a formal therapeutic process.
Grounded in psychological and art-based theories, it aims to explore emotions, identity, cognitive stimulation, and psychological healing.	Focuses on enjoyment, reminiscence, cultural engagement, entertainment, or sensory stimulation.
Facilitated by trained expressive arts therapists.	Facilitated by activity staff, volunteers, or artists without clinical training.

Between the two, only EXAT is designed to cater for psychological and emotional needs through a structured therapeutic process.

Benefits of Expressive Arts Therapy (EXAT)

EXAT provides a safe, supportive, and flexible space for participants—including persons living with dementia and caregivers—who seek emotional and/or psychological support.

Benefits for Persons Living with Dementia

Bypasses verbal limitations by offering sensory, emotional, and embodied ways to express themselves.
Reconnects individuals to their sense of identity and life story.
Addresses unmet emotional and sensory needs, contributing to reduced agitation, anxiety, and wandering.
Enhances mood, confidence, and a sense of self-worth.

Benefits for Caregivers

Provides a safe space to process emotional stress and grief.
Strengthens self-awareness and reconnects caregivers to their own identity beyond the caregiving role.
Offers creative tools for stress relief and emotional release.
Builds resilience and emotional regulation skills to cope with daily challenges.

Getting Started

You may wish to consider any of these simple activities to help you get started:

Music and Rhythm

Visual Arts

Movement

Story Telling

Multi-sensory

Music and Rhythm

Visual Arts

Movement

Story Telling

Multi-sensory

Additional Tips

#1

Create space by clearing clutter and arranging chairs in a circle.
#2

Be a part of the activity to set the tone that you are not there to teach the activity.
#3

Use prompts that invite exploration, play and curiosity, such as: “Let’s see what happens if we do this,” rather than giving direct instructions.
#4

Be warm and supportive without slipping into “child-like” language.
#5

Speak with respect, using clear and simple phrasing while preserving the dignity of each person.
#6

Give participants some breathing space. There is no need to fill every minute with tasks. It is all right to experience moments of silence. If someone chooses not to take part in the activity, let him be — he may simply need more time to feel safe. Some participants may take a few sessions to settle in, so allow the pace to unfold naturally.

Conclusion

The use of diverse art modalities creates a relaxed, playful and engaging environment where participants can express their feelings and experiences.

For persons living with dementia, EXAT can help bypass cognitive limitations by tapping into sensorial, emotional, and embodied forms of communication. For caregivers, EXAT provides a safe outlet to express emotions, manage stress, reconnect with their inner selves, and improves overall well-being.

It nurtures curiosity, invites play, and supports a sense of identity and self-worth by offering opportunities for meaningful self-expression despite the changes dementia brings.

Author's Bio

Rachel Lim is a registered expressive arts therapist with ANZACATA and currently leads the development of Expressive Arts Therapy services at Dementia Singapore Ltd. With a master’s degree in Expressive Arts Therapy from the University of Hong Kong and a background in psychology, Rachel specialises in supporting persons living with dementia and their caregivers through creative, sensory-based approaches.

Lusebrink, V. B. (2010). Assessment and therapeutic application of the expressive therapies continuum: Implications for brain structures and functions. Art Therapy, 27(4), 168-177.

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Music Therapy – a Symptomatic Treatment of Dementia

Peter Cher — Mon, 25 Aug 2025 07:27:39 +0000

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Music is a complex composition of melody, harmony, rhythm, timbre, tempo, dynamics, form, texture, and words or lyrics. These elements, when put together, have a profound effect on the listener’s emotions, behaviour, and memory. When used appropriately, music can be a useful and effective tool to optimise the quality of life for persons living with dementia.

With these unique qualities, music has been widely used as a potentially beneficial intervention to improve moods, cognitive function, memory, and communication. This is commonly known as music therapy. Music therapy can also provide opportunities for socialisation and connection between individuals with dementia and people around them in both personal sphere and group setting.

In this article, we explore the use of music therapy as a non-pharmacological intervention to improve cognitive and behavioural symptoms in persons living with dementia, the possible effects and benefits of music therapy, and how music therapy is used in Singapore to better or enhance the quality of life of those living with dementia.

Benefits of Music Therapy for Persons Living with Dementia

Non-pharmacological approaches like music-based interventions are regarded as low-risk, accessible and inclusive as an approach to managing behavioural psychological symptoms of dementia or BPSDs, compared to pharmacological interventions.

Based on recent studies, music therapy has gained worldwide popularity in managing symptoms of dementia over the years. It is found that musical training can help mitigate effects of cognitive impairments and increase the capacity of persons to remember music.

In a study on persons living with Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), researchers found that persons with AD showed improvement in word fluency, biographical memory, and memory of the lyrics after participating in music therapy sessions.

Here are some of the benefits music therapy can have on persons living with dementia, as supported by several studies:

	Potential Benefits of Music Therapy for Persons Living with Dementia
1.	Improves mood and reduces agitation	Music can evoke positive emotions and memories. This can help alleviate depressive symptoms and other negative emotions such as anxiety and agitation which are common behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia.
2.	Enhances cognitive function	Music can improve certain cognitive and executive functions such as verbal fluency, recollection of lyrics/memories, and assists in Activities of Daily Living (ADLs).
3.	Enhances communication	Music can serve as a non-verbal communication tool that helps persons living with dementia to express their thoughts.
4.	Improves socialisation and connection with people	Group music activities can eliminate isolation and loneliness.
5.	Improves quality of life	All the benefits can lead to improved quality of life. It is especially beneficial to those who are battling with emotional symptoms, such as anxiety.

Supported Evidence of Music Therapy

The use of customised music playlist in medical setting has been proven effective in combating (disinhibited) behavioural symptoms of people living with dementia. Studies reported a rise in positive results in recent years.

Here are some evidence-based statistics that support the effectiveness of music therapy in managing BPSDs or behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia, including agitation, aggression depression, anxiety and apathy, particularly in moderate stage of dementia:

A meta-analysis of 17 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) by Zhang et al. (2017) found out that music therapy significantly reduced disruptive behaviours of persons living with dementia.
An RCT conducted by Raglio et. al. (2010) revealed that individualised music therapy had a 30 per cent reduction in disruptive behaviours compared to control group.
A Cochrane review (2018) that analysed 22 trials with over 1,097 participants saw music-based intervention resulted in significant reduction in depressive symptoms.

“Music Therapy is a person-centered, non-pharmacological approach that supports emotional well-being, cognitive function, and social interaction. It also provides opportunities for caregiver participation, strengthening emotional bonds and offering shared joyful experiences. The structured yet flexible format makes it accessible and highly beneficial for persons with dementia, including those in moderate stages. It is also listed as a recommended intervention for BPSD as part of the clinical guidelines for dementia by Singapore’s Ministry of Health.”

R. S. Chandraajothi, Senior Centre Manager, Care Services - New Horizon Centre Bukit Batok & Jurong Point, Dementia Singapore

Music has the power to evoke emotions and help persons living with dementia recall and share their life stories with their caregivers and vice versa. Furthermore, music therapy activities can easily and effectively be incorporated into other forms of therapy such as reminiscence therapy and art therapy.

Here are some practical, meaningful, and evidenced-based activities (and their benefits) you can incorporate into the lives of persons living with dementia:

Create a personalised playlist that includes your loved one’s favourite songs from his youth/era or culture. This can trigger fond memories and facilitate conversation.
Encourage your loved ones to sway along or clap to the rhythm and tempo of the music. This can improve movements and functional abilities.
Play soothing and familiar music to help your loved one manage emotions, moods, and relieve anxiety and pain.
Encourage your loved one with dementia to sing along to his favourite songs. This will improve speech articulation and fluency over time.
Combine music with visual art such as painting to encourage self-expression and enhance creativity.

Conclusion

As research continues to validate the effectiveness and benefits of music therapy, integrating music therapy into dementia care not only honours the personhood of persons living with dementia, but it is also an accessible and meaningful way to connect them with their loved ones. In the gentle rhythm of familiar melodies, many find joy, comfort and more importantly a renewed sense of identity and dignity that enhance their quality of life.

Bleibel, M., El Cheikh, A., Sadier, N.S. et al. The effect of music therapy on cognitive functions in patients with Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Alz Res Therapy 15, 65 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-023-01214-9
Shirsat A, Jha RK, Verma P. Music Therapy in the Treatment of Dementia: A Review Article. Cureus. 2023 Mar 31;15(3):e36954. doi: 10.7759/cureus.36954. PMID: 37139292; PMCID: PMC10151115.
Zhang, Y., Cai, J., An, L., Hui, F., Ren, T., Ma, H., Zhao, Q. (2017). Does music therapy enhance behavioural and cognitive function in elderly dementia patients? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Research Reviews, 35, 1–11. DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.12.003
Van der Steen, J. T., Smaling, H. J. A., van der Wouden, J. C., Bruinsma, M. S., Scholten, R. J. P. M., & Vink, A. C. (2018). Music-based therapeutic interventions for people with dementia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2018(7), CD003477. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003477.pub4
Raglio, A., Bellelli, G., Traficante, D., Gianotti, M., Ubezio, M. C., Gentile, S., Villani, D., & Trabucchi, M. (2010). Efficacy of music therapy treatment based on cycles of sessions: A randomised controlled trial. Ageing & Mental Health, 14(8), 900–904.

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FINGER Model – Prevention of Cognitive Decline

Peter Cher — Mon, 04 Aug 2025 03:59:10 +0000

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The Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER) model is a holistic approach that focuses on lifestyle changes rather than medication. It has gained prominence as a proactive measure against cognitive impairment, underlining the significance of lifestyle interventions in maintaining brain health. Its development has paved the way for a shift in how we perceive and address cognitive decline, embracing a more integrated and preventive strategy.

Understanding Cognitive Decline

Cognitive decline refers to the gradual loss of cognitive abilities, which can affect one’s memory, reasoning, and problem-solving skills. Some cognitive decline is expected with age, but significant cognitive decline can indicate mild cognitive impairment or more severely, Neurocognitive disorders (Dementia). The symptoms often start subtly, like forgetting appointments or struggling with problem solving, but can eventually impact one’s daily life and independence.

It is crucial to prevent cognitive decline to maintain quality of life, allowing individuals to engage fully in personal and social activities. By focusing on prevention, we can delay or even avoid the onset of severe cognitive impairments, ensuring a more vibrant life as we age.

Core Principles of the FINGER Model

The FINGER model is built upon five core components:

Nutrition: A balanced diet that is rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins, which supports cognitive function.
Physical Activity: Regular activities, such as walking, can improve blood flow to the brain and the growth of new neural connections.
Cognitive Training: Activities like puzzles and memory games can keep the brain active and engaged.
Social Engagement: Such engagement provides mental stimulation and emotional support, which are essential for maintaining cognitive health.
Monitoring Risk Factors Related to Cardiovascular Disorders: Controlling of cardiovascular risk factors like blood pressure, cholesterol, blood glucose, and body weight is also important for brain health.

Each of the above components play a vital role in promoting brain health and preventing cognitive decline.

Implementing Lifestyle Measures to Maintain Social Relationships and Keeping the Brain Actively Engaged

Integrating the FINGER model into daily life does not have to be daunting or reinventing one’s daily routine. One can start with small, manageable changes. For instance, including more fruits and vegetables into meals, or frequent brisk walks. These simple steps can make a significant difference over time.

In addition to mental and social activities, integrating physical exercise into one’s routine is crucial in maintaining overall wellbeing. Regular physical activity does not only improve cardiovascular health it also enhances cognitive function by increasing blood flow to the brain.

Whether it is a brisk walk in a park, a yoga session, or a dance class, find an activity that you enjoy and commit to it regularly. Exercise releases endorphins, which can improve mood and reduce stress level, further supports cognitive health. One should aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic activity each week, as recommended by health experts.

A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats provides essential nutrients your brain needs to function optimally. Foods high in antioxidants, like berries, and omega-3 fatty acids found in fish, such as salmon, are particularly beneficial.

Staying hydrated is equally important, as mild dehydration can affect your concentration and cognitive abilities. One should consider consulting a nutritionist to tailor a diet plan that meets one’s specific needs and preferences, fuelling both your body and mind effectively.

Integrating these lifestyle changes lays a strong foundation for long-term cognitive vitality.

A Promising Approach for Local Dementia Care

Although the FINGER model emerged from Finland, it has been implemented in various studies worldwide, including Singapore. Its adaptation signifies an encouraging trend, highlighting its potential to enhance Cognitive support care for individuals and families locally.

Author’s Bio

Hovi Care provides elderly and elderly and cognitive support care services designed to support seniors in achieving a high quality of life through active ageing and holistic wellness programmes. They combine cognitive, social and physical rehabilitation, to support and to meet individual’s needs.

Website: http://www.hovicare.sg/

Alzheimer’s Society (2025). Anxiety and Dementia. https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/about-dementia/symptoms-and-diagnosis/anxiety-dementia.
Barrell, A. (2020). Stress vs. anxiety: How to tell the difference. Medical News Today. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/stress-vs-anxiety
Dementia UK. (October, 2022). Managing anxiety and depression in a person living with dementia. https://www.dementiauk.org/information-and-support/health-advice/managing-anxiety-and-depression-in-a-person-living-with-dementia/

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Recognising and Responding to Abuse in Dementia Care

Admin — Tue, 18 Feb 2025 15:59:59 +0000

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Elder abuse is a growing concern in Singapore, with cases continuing to rise in recent years. In 2022, 370 elder abuse cases were reported, up from 338 in 2021 and 283 in 2020.¹ One key factor is the overwhelming stress caregivers face, especially those caring for elderly persons with complex needs who depend on them for care.

As caregiving demands increase, caregivers may become physically and emotionally exhausted, which can sometimes lead to unintentional harm. Understanding the signs of abuse and knowing how to respond are crucial to protecting vulnerable groups such as persons living with dementia.

Read on to learn more about the types of abuse, how to recognise the signs, and what to do if you suspect abuse.

Types of Abuse

Abuse in dementia care refers to harm or mistreatment of persons living with dementia, and can take various forms: 

1. Physical Abuse

This can include hitting, pushing, or restraining the person living with dementia. 

2. Emotional Abuse

This can include verbal aggression, threats, intimidation, or isolating the person living with dementia from others, which can harm their emotional well–being.

3. Neglect and Self-Neglect

This can include failing to provide basic needs such as food, clothing, or medical care. 

4. Financial Abuse

This can include stealing money or assets, coercing the person with dementia to sign over their assets or power of attorney.

5. Sexual Abuse

This can include unwanted touching or sexual acts. 

Recognising Abuse in Dementia Care

Why Is It Crucial to Recognise Abuse?

Recognising and responding to abuse in dementia care is essential, as persons living with dementia are often unable to report abuse themselves. This is due to several factors:

Inability to Recognise Abuse

Cognitive decline can make it difficult for persons living with dementia to recognise mistreatment. They may not have the awareness to identify abusive behaviour or might mistake it for part of their normal care routine.

Difficulty Expressing Concerns

Even if they are aware that something is wrong, persons living with dementia may struggle to communicate their feelings. Loss of language skills and cognitive challenges can prevent them from expressing their distress or seeking help.

Signs and Symptoms of Abuse

The following are common signs and symptoms that may indicate abuse:

Physical Abuse Warning Signs 

Emotional Abuse Warning Signs 

Neglect Warning Signs 

Financial Abuse Warning Signs 

Sexual Abuse Warning Signs 

Physical Abuse Warning Signs 

Emotional Abuse Warning Signs 

Neglect Warning Signs 

Financial Abuse Warning Signs 

Sexual Abuse Warning Signs 

Note: This section was adapted from HelpGuide: Elder Abuse and Neglect.

Risk Factors for Abuse in Dementia Care

Abuse can occur in any caregiving situation, but certain factors can increase the risk. Common risk factors include:

Caregiver Stress

Dementia caregiving is demanding, and the stress can lead to frustration and, sometimes, abusive behaviours.

Isolation

Caregivers and their loved ones may be isolated, with little support or outside help.

Caregiver Mental Health Issues

Pre-existing mental health conditions, such as depression or other diagnoses, can impact a caregiver’s ability to cope with stress, potentially contributing to abusive behaviours.

Behavioural Changes in Dementia

As dementia progresses, a person living with dementia may experience changes in behaviour, such as increased agitation or disinhibition. These changes can be challenging for caregivers, who may feel stressed or overwhelmed.

History of Domestic Violence

A history of domestic violence in the home increases the likelihood of abuse.

Responding to Abuse

If you suspect abuse, immediate action is essential to protect the person living with dementia. Here are a few steps you can take:

Ensure Immediate Safety

If the person living with dementia is in immediate danger, take steps to remove them from the situation and ensure their safety. If there is no immediate risk, monitor the situation closely and consult with relevant professionals, such as social workers or healthcare providers, to determine the best course of action.

Document and Gather Evidence

Document any signs of abuse, including physical injuries, changes in behaviour, or verbal reports. Keep detailed records of any incidents, as this will be important for reporting.

Report the Abuse

Report suspected abuse to the relevant authorities. In Singapore, contact the National Anti-Violence and Sexual Harassment (NAVH) Helpline at 1800-777-0000. This 24-hour helpline provides support and triages cases to the appropriate services. For non-life-threatening emergencies, you can also report abuse online via the NAVH Reporting Form on FormSG. You can also approach the Office of the Public Guardian (OPG), which provides support for safeguarding vulnerable adults at risk of abuse or exploitation.

If the situation presents an immediate danger to life or safety, contact the police immediately by dialling 999.

Follow-up and Support

Ensure the person living with dementia continues to receive appropriate care and support. Work with social workers, healthcare providers, or other professionals to address the situation and ensure their ongoing safety.

For more information on protecting vulnerable individuals under the law, you can refer to the Vulnerable Adult Act.

Conclusion

Abuse in dementia care affects more than just older adults. It can impact anyone experiencing cognitive decline, regardless of age. Persons living with dementia are particularly vulnerable, and any form of abuse can have devastating consequences on their physical and emotional well–being.

It is essential for professionals, caregivers, and the community to remain alert. By recognising the signs of abuse early, taking prompt action, and providing necessary support, we can help prevent abuse. In doing so, we can ensure that those living with dementia are treated with the respect, care, and protection they deserve.

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Understanding the Four Pillars of Humanitude

Admin — Sat, 07 Sep 2024 03:02:42 +0000

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As dementia progresses, the needs of those living with the condition evolve, requiring caregivers to adapt and find new ways to connect and support their loved ones. This journey can be challenging but also rewarding, as it offers an opportunity to enhance the quality of life through caregiving. The Humanitude methodology provides a structured approach, based on four key pillars—Gaze, Speech, Touch, and Verticality—to address these changing needs effectively.

This article will explore the four pillars of Humanitude and provide practical tips on incorporating these pillars into your caregiving practices.

What is Humanitude™?

Humanitude is a care methodology developed by Yves Gineste and Rosette Marescotti, specifically designed to improve the quality of life for persons living with dementia. It combines a philosophy of care with practical techniques that emphasize respect, empathy, and connection. The four pillars of Humanitude—Gaze, Speech, Touch, and Verticality—are central to this approach. Each pillar represents a fundamental aspect of human interaction, helping caregivers foster positive relationships and support the emotional and physical needs of those in their care.

Benefits of Humanitude

Scientific research and outcomes have highlighted several key benefits of Humanitude care for persons living with dementia, delirium, and cognitive impairments:

Improved ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL).
Greater participation in daily activities.
Enhanced physical movement and independence.
Overall improvement in well-being.
Decreased ill-being.

For caregivers working in healthcare, practicing Humanitude has been associated with:

Reduced burnout
Increased empathy
Improved attitudes

Applying the Four Pillars of Humanitude: Do's and Don'ts

1. Humanitude Gaze

Gaze is a fundamental non-verbal pillar of Humanitude, essential for building emotional connections. It stimulates oxytocin, the hormone associated with love and bonding. The Humanitude Gaze is characterised by being axial, long, near, and horizontal. However, it is important to personalise this technique to suit the individual needs and preferences of each person.

Do's

Horizontal: Establish eye contact at the same eye level as the person

Front: Approach the person from where they are looking

Long: Maintain eye contact for a longer duration

Near: Stay close, ideally within 25 cm

Don'ts

Vertical: Avoid looking down from above.

Sideways: Refrain from glancing sideways, as it can be perceived as disinterest.

Brief: Don’t make eye contact fleeting.

Distant: Avoid looking from more than an arm’s length away.

2. Humanitude Speech

Speech is a vital pillar of Humanitude, marked by a low, soothing tone, calm melodic intonation, and positive reinforcement. These elements work together to create a reassuring and validating environment, making interactions more comforting and supportive.

Do's

Low Tone: Use a low tone of voice
Melodic Intonation: Speak with a gentle, rhythmic tone
Calm and Soothing Delivery: Keep your speech slow and composed.
Positive Reinforcement: Use encouraging language

Don'ts

Harsh or Loud Tone: Avoid raising your voice or using a harsh tone
Dismissive Phrases: Refrain from using short, dismissive phrases like “what!”
Negative Words: Avoid negative language, such as criticising someone for being “slow”.

3. Humanitude Touch

Touch is a non-verbal method to communicate care and comfort, described in Humanitude with characteristics such as wide, soft, slow, frequent, caressing, and embracing.

Do's

Wide: Use a relaxed, open palm to make contact, slightly wide apart, creating a feeling of warmth and embrace.
Soft: Touch should feel like caressing a baby—gentle and reassuring.
Slow: Move your hand slowly to convey patience and care, akin to pacifying a baby.
Start on Accepted Areas: Begin with socially accepted areas like the hands, shoulders, or forearms.

Don'ts

Claw: Avoid gripping with fingers
Fast: Don’t rush your touch; quick movements can be startling.
Small Surface: Avoid using only fingertips or pointy surfaces, which can feel sharp or uncomfortable.
Scarce: Don’t shy away from or avoid touch; consistent, gentle contact is important.

4. Verticality

Verticality is a key pillar of Humanitude, vital for maintaining a person’s self-esteem and physical health. Since we naturally walk on two feet, staying upright helps foster a sense of confidence, health, and freedom. It reduces bedridden rates and promotes overall wellbeing.

Do's

Upright Care: Whenever possible, provide care while the person is standing or sitting up, rather than lying down.
Encourage Movement: Aim for the person to stand or walk for at least 20 minutes a day, even if in short sessions.

Don'ts

Avoid Unnecessary Lying Down: Refrain from providing care while the person is lying down if they can sit up or stand with assistance.

To see these principles in action, watch the video below.

The Four Pillars of Humanitude: Gaze, Speech, Touch and Verticality
Source: Humanitude Singapore

Watch Rosette Marescotti guide a caregiver in using Humanitude techniques to encourage a woman living with dementia to go for a walk. This video showcases the transformative impact of the four pillars.

Conclusion

Humanitude provides a structured approach to dementia care in Singapore, ensuring that caregivers are equipped with the tools and knowledge to create these meaningful connections. The four pillars of Humanitude can significantly enhance caregiving experiences for both yourself and the person in your care. These techniques are not just about providing care; they are about creating moments of connection, understanding, and compassion.

In your journey as a caregiver, remember that every interaction is an opportunity to affirm the dignity and humanity of your loved one living with dementia. With the right approach, you can turn challenges into opportunities for connection and growth, ensuring that your loved one feels valued and supported at every stage of their journey.

To learn more about Humanitude™, visit the Humanitude™ Singapore website to explore a variety of resources, including videos and insights into Humanitude care. If you are a healthcare professional, you may consider signing up for the Humanitude™ Care Action-Training course to discover a relationship-centred approach to caring for persons living with dementia. For caregivers, you may consider signing up for the Humanitude™ Caregivers Training courses.

AUTHOR BIO

HUMANITUDE SINGAPORE

Humanitude Singapore is part of Humanitude International Network of providers for training programmes on Humanitude Care Methodology. Since 2019, Humanitude Singapore has been providing Humanitude training for a thousand of healthcare professionals in Singapore, from various care settings, including acute hospitals, community hospitals, nursing homes and day care centres. Through various collaborations in the healthcare communities, Humanitude Singapore has become a trusted partner with a shared vision of enhancing the well-being of caregivers and vulnerable care recipients, including persons living with dementia.

Website

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What is Person-Centred Care?

Admin — Fri, 06 Sep 2024 01:23:22 +0000

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Person-centred dementia care aims to enhance the wellbeing of persons living with dementia by meeting their psychological needs, which maintains personhood.

An Introduction to Person-Centred Care

Source: Agency for Integrated Care

This video covers the five psychological needs which person-centred care aims to meet and shows scenarios of ways in which person-centred care can be applied.

Seeing each person living with dementia as a person who
- Is valuable
- Has their unique history, routines, personal preferences, and needs
- Experiences the world in their own way
- Sees the social relationships that the person has as important for their wellbeing
Improving and taking care of the person’s level of wellbeing by taking care of these things.

This is different from the medical model of care, which:

Sees the person living with dementia as only a medical patient who requires treatment from healthcare professionals;
Focuses on keeping the person clean and safe from injury and harm;
Does not consider the person’s unique history, routines, personal preferences;
Ignores the psychological needs of the person.

What is the goal of PCC?

To maintain personhood in the face of a person’s declining mental powers.

How is this goal achieved?

By meeting the 5 areas of psychological need that each person experiences.

Tom Kitwood’s Flower of Psychological Needs shows the needs that each person, including persons living with dementia, has. These needs are: Comfort, Attachment, Inclusion, Occupation, Identity, and Love.

While caring for persons living with dementia, we can aim to meet these needs.

What happens as these needs are met?

The person feels loved.
The person’s entire sense of self-worth will be enhanced.
The person will be more likely to experience a sense of personal control and empowerment.
There will be an improvement in the physical and psychological wellbeing of the person.

10 Key Principles of PCC according to Tom Kitwood

A non-judgemental acceptance of the uniqueness of each person.
Respect for the past experiences and learning of each person.
Recognising the whole person as having emotional, social, physical and spiritual needs.
Staying in communication requires flexibility, lateral thinking, and acceptance of other viewpoints.
Nourishing attachments means ensuring people feel welcome and included.
Creating a feeling of community gives us a sense of belonging, of where we fit in and what is expected of us.
Maximising freedom for people to contribute to their care and eliminating unnecessary controls.
Allowing ourselves to receive from others and valuing what they give (in other words, allowing the person with dementia to contribute in some way to the care environment, as far as they are able).
Building and maintaining an environment of trust – protect from bullying, exploitation and other abuses of power.
Focusing on positives – on people’s abilities and what they can do.

Person-Centred Care in Dementia by Alzheimer’s WA

Find out how to apply the person-centred care approach in everyday life with persons living with dementia.

Through this online course, you will learn about dementia and gain insights into its impact on individuals and caregivers, and how adopting a person-centred dementia care approach can enhance the wellbeing of persons living with dementia by meeting their psychological needs.

You can conveniently access the course from any device, including mobile phones and tablets, allowing you to learn at your own pace, anytime and anywhere.

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Responding to Behaviour Changes using the ABC approach

Admin — Mon, 22 Jul 2024 11:57:33 +0000

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Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) often present significant challenges, impacting both the person with dementia and those providing care. This article delves into common manifestations of BPSD and introduces the ABC approach—a structured method to analyse and manage these symptoms effectively.

Persons living with dementia may experience behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) which can include symptoms of disturbed perception, thought content, mood, or behaviour. Here are some examples of BPSD that are commonly seen in persons living with dementia:

Behavioural Symptoms

Psychological Symptoms

Behavioural Symptoms

Physical Aggression Hitting/kicking/scratching/pinching others
Verbal Aggression Insults, swearing, threats
Self-harm Cutting/hitting and starving oneself
Repetitive Vocalisation Shouting, screaming, crying out
Perseveration Constantly repeating speech or action, repetitive questioning or singing.
Wandering Aimlessly walking around the environment they are in.
Restlessness Fidgets, unable to settle down, pacing, ‘on the go’
Apathy Difficult to engage, shows no interest in activities, lack of motivation
Clinging Constant need to follow/hold on to others e.g. caregivers or staff
Pilfering or Hoarding Possessions, rubbish, paper, food, etc.
Lack of Self-care Hygiene problems, appears dishevelled
Spitting
Faecal Smearing
Inappropriate urinating In public, not in toilets, etc.
Stripping Removes clothes inappropriately, flashes private parts, etc.
Inappropriate Sexual Behaviour Masturbates in public, makes inappropriate advances to others, etc.
Sleep problems Sleeping too much during the day, nighttime awakening, insomnia, etc.
Resistance to Care Deliberately ignores caregivers’ requests, refuses food, resists selfcare or help

Physical Aggression

Hitting/kicking/scratching/pinching others

Verbal Aggression

Insults, swearing, threats

Self-harm

Cutting/hitting and starving oneself

Repetitive Vocalisation

Shouting, screaming, crying out

Perseveration

Constantly repeating speech or action, repetitive questioning or singing.

Wandering

Aimlessly walking around the environment they are in.

Restlessness

Fidgets, unable to settle down, pacing, ‘on the go’

Apathy

Difficult to engage, shows no interest in activities, lack of motivation

Clinging

Constant need to follow/hold on to others e.g. caregivers or staff

Pilfering or Hoarding

Possessions, rubbish, paper, food, etc.

Lack of Self-care

Hygiene problems, appears dishevelled

Spitting

Faecal Smearing

Inappropriate urinating

In public, not in toilets, etc.

Stripping

Removes clothes inappropriately, flashes private parts, etc.

Inappropriate Sexual Behaviour

Masturbates in public, makes inappropriate advances to others, etc.

Sleep problems

Sleeping too much during the day, nighttime awakening, insomnia, etc.

Resistance to Care

Deliberately ignores caregivers’ requests, refuses food, resists selfcare or help

Psychological Symptoms

Suspiciousness Accusing others of stealing, fear of being harmed by others
Depression/dysphoria Verbalises negative thoughts, suicidal thoughts, loss of interest in activities
Elation/Euphoria Intense happiness, elevated self-confidence, etc.
Hallucinations Visual, auditory, tactile, etc.
Delusions Misinterpretation of perceptions or experiences
Anxiety Excessive worrying, nervousness, or unease about something
Paranoia Unjustified suspicion and mistrust of other people or their actions

Suspiciousness

Accusing others of stealing, fear of being harmed by others

Depression/dysphoria

Verbalises negative thoughts, suicidal thoughts, loss of interest in activities

Elation/Euphoria

Intense happiness, elevated self-confidence, etc.

Hallucinations

Visual, auditory, tactile, etc.

Delusions

Misinterpretation of perceptions or experiences

Anxiety

Excessive worrying, nervousness, or unease about something

Paranoia

Unjustified suspicion and mistrust of other people or their actions

One of the ways to manage and reduce the occurrence of BPSD is to utilise the ABC approach.

What is the ABC approach?

The ABC approach is a simple and effective method for understanding and managing behaviour changes by analysing the triggers, actions or responses, and outcomes associated with those behaviours:

A = Antecedents
B = Behaviour
C = Consequences

It allows for the observation of events leading up to a change in behaviour, as well as the immediate and long-term effects of that behaviour.

By breaking down behavioural events into these components, caregivers can gain insights into why these behaviours occur and develop targeted strategies to support persons living with dementia to reduce the impact and frequency of BPSD.

Let’s dive deeper into each of the steps of the ABC approach.

Antecedents

Antecedents are events or factors that precede the behaviour change and contribute to its occurrence. Antecedents are also called “triggers” because they “set off” behaviours. When reviewing these events, it is important to take note of the following points:

1. When and where did the behaviour occur?

2. What was the person living with dementia doing right before the behaviour occurred?

3. What was happening around the person living with dementia at that time?

4. Consider environmental factors that might influence their behaviour.

Does the environment provide a safe place for the person living with dementia to walk around?

Does it encourage independence, dignity and mobility?

Does it accommodate their personal cultural and lifestyle habits?

Other factors include:
- Noise
- Clutter
- Bright lights/glare on the floor
- Mirrors
- Temperature
- Recent changes to the environment

5. Consider the following physical factors: 

Basic needs:
- Hunger, fatigue, constipation/faecal impaction

Recent change in medical condition:
- Metabolic: Hyper/hypo thyroidism, hypercalcemia, hyponatremia
- Infection: Urinary tract infection, pneumonia, septicaemia
- Traumatic: Chronic pain, head trauma, fractures
- Systemic: Hypoglycaemia, Vitamin B12 deficiency, folate deficiency

Medication:
- Sedatives, antihistamines, polypharmacy

6. Consider the following psychological factors: 

History of psychiatric illness e.g. schizophrenia
Recent loss or accumulation of losses
Response to delusions or hallucinations

CAUSEd is a problem-solving tool developed by Dementia Australia to enable caregivers and care professionals to identify possible triggers of behaviour changes. Find out more about CAUSEd here.

Behaviour

“Behaviour” in the ABC Approach refers to the specific behaviour change that needs to be addressed. Those behaviours that are of immediate concern would be those that risk harm to the person living with dementia or others or have a negative impact on the quality of life of the person living with dementia and/or their caregivers. Look at one behaviour at a time in the problem-solving process.

1. What was the behaviour of the person living with dementia?

Be as specific as possible. For example, if the person living with dementia is displaying signs of aggression, be specific to describe the presenting behaviour. Examples of specific presenting behaviours include, using the umbrella to hit the caregiver, shouting vulgarities, throwing a cup at the caregiver.

2. It is also critical to identify the frequency, scope, and duration of such behaviours.

Consequences

These refer to the events that happen immediately after the behaviour occurs. It also includes all the reactions and responses to the person living with dementia, including those by the caregiver, other family members, staff or visitors.

1. How did others respond to the change in behaviour?

Ignored the person living with dementia

Reprimanded the person living with dementia

Tried to correct the person living with dementia

Restrained the person living with dementia

Sedated the person living with dementia

2. What was the response of the person living with dementia to the reactions of others?

Annoyed

Upset

Angry

Offended

We must remember that persons living with dementia are unable to control and/or prevent these behaviours on their own. So, what we can do or respond is to change or adjust what happens before (antecedents) or after (consequences) the behaviours. And it is recommended to change one antecedent or consequence at a time so that we can evaluate what is working and what is not. It is also important to note that the condition of the person living with dementia may deteriorate with time, therefore the same strategies may not always work. Modifying the environment (physical and social) over time might be necessary.

Keeping a Behaviour Log

When dealing with behaviour changes, we can observe or reflect on the behavioural patterns of the person living with dementia during these stressful situations. One of the things that you can do is to monitor changes in behaviour with a behaviour log. By keeping a behaviour log, we may be able to find out what works to prevent or de-escalate the behaviour. Apply Person-Centred Care (PCC) to identify the unmet needs which may exacerbate the behaviour of concern, and make adjustments to the antecedents or consequence in order to address possible unmet needs related to attachment, comfort, occupation, identity and inclusion.

Here is an example of an ABC Behaviour Log that can be used to help you observe and record these behaviours efficiently:

Table 1. Extract from Mary’s ABC chart (Sample)
Date & Time	A = Antecedent (Triggers) What happened immediately before the change in behaviour? – Who was involved? – What activity was going on? – When did the behaviour occur? – Where did the behaviour occur? – How (in what way or manner?) (Consider any potential unmet needs)	B = Behaviour What was the behaviour you would like to change? – Describe the behaviour observed i.e. yelling, kicking, swearing. – What happened? – How long did it last? (Do not try to guess emotions)	C = Consequences (Responses) What happened after the behaviour occurred? – How did the person living with dementia respond? – How did others around the person respond? – Who else was involved?
1/7/2024, 5pm	Mary was playing mahjong with other residents and seemed very engrossed in the session. As it was dinner time, staff nurse Peter abruptly stopped the mahjong session. Mary was visibly upset and started scolding vulgarities at Peter. She said, “I was about to win and you cleared all the tiles! You are so bad!”	When her dinner plate was served to her, Mary said firmly that she did not want to eat. When the staff tried to persuade her by scooping food for her and bringing to her mouth, Mary threw her dinner plate onto the floor and continued to spew vulgarities towards the staff.	Mary tried to walk out of the dining area but was stopped by Peter. Another staff, Maryanne, came over to assist and both of them eventually brought her to her bed and gave her a radio to listen to. Mary was observed to have calmed down a little but was still visibly upset.
1/7/2024, 8pm	Staff nurse Peter told Mary that it is time to go to the toilet and to change her diaper. However, Mary shouted, “No, I am not in the mood today. Do not bother me. You better get stay out of my sight!”	Mary refused to go to the toilet for her diaper change. She scolded Peter when he attempted to assist her from her bed to the toilet.	Mary kept shaking her head vigorously and tried to hit Peter multiple times. She was eventually physically restrained by two staff to the bed. Diaper change was done on the hospital bed.

Table 1. Extract from Mary’s ABC chart (Sample)

Date & Time

A = Antecedent (Triggers)

What happened immediately before the change in behaviour?
– Who was involved?
– What activity was going on?
– When did the behaviour occur?
– Where did the behaviour occur?
– How (in what way or manner?)
(Consider any potential unmet needs)

B = Behaviour

What was the behaviour you would like to change?
– Describe the behaviour observed i.e. yelling, kicking, swearing.
– What happened?
– How long did it last?
(Do not try to guess emotions)

C = Consequences (Responses)

What happened after the behaviour occurred?
– How did the person living with dementia respond?
– How did others around the person respond?
– Who else was involved?

1/7/2024, 5pm

Mary was playing mahjong with other residents and seemed very engrossed in the session. As it was dinner time, staff nurse Peter abruptly stopped the mahjong session. Mary was visibly upset and started scolding vulgarities at Peter. She said, “I was about to win and you cleared all the tiles! You are so bad!”

When her dinner plate was served to her, Mary said firmly that she did not want to eat. When the staff tried to persuade her by scooping food for her and bringing to her mouth, Mary threw her dinner plate onto the floor and continued to spew vulgarities towards the staff.

Mary tried to walk out of the dining area but was stopped by Peter. Another staff, Maryanne, came over to assist and both of them eventually brought her to her bed and gave her a radio to listen to. Mary was observed to have calmed down a little but was still visibly upset.

1/7/2024, 8pm

Staff nurse Peter told Mary that it is time to go to the toilet and to change her diaper. However, Mary shouted, “No, I am not in the mood today. Do not bother me. You better get stay out of my sight!”

Mary refused to go to the toilet for her diaper change. She scolded Peter when he attempted to assist her from her bed to the toilet.

Mary kept shaking her head vigorously and tried to hit Peter multiple times. She was eventually physically restrained by two staff to the bed. Diaper change was done on the hospital bed.

Download the ABC Behaviour Log here.

Conclusion

The ABC approach can enable caregivers to monitor behaviour changes and their associated factors over time, so that strategies can be applied to address unmet needs which may perpetuate the occurrence of behaviours of concern. Responding to behaviour changes in a Person-Centred way can help to alleviate the burden of care and improve the quality of life of the person living with dementia and their caregivers.

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Creating a Life Story for Persons with Dementia

Admin — Thu, 20 Jun 2024 13:03:20 +0000

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Discover the powerful impact of life story work in dementia care. This article explores how gathering and reflecting on personal narratives enriches identity, deepens empathy, and fosters meaningful connections for persons living with dementia and caregivers alike.

What is a Life Story?

Everyone has their own, unique life story. Our life experiences, beliefs, likes and dislikes, shape us as individuals. Life story work is an activity in which a person living with dementia is facilitated by family members and/or healthcare professionals to gather and review their past. The process of engaging in life story work helps the person to share their stories and enhance their sense of identity¹.

Persons Living with Dementia and their Life Story

As dementia progresses, persons living with dementia can experience problems with communication and memory loss. Incorporating personal narratives and biographical knowledge while caring for a person living with dementia has been shown to increase caregiver’s empathy and uphold person-centred care².

What is the Purpose of a Life Story Resource?

Provide a guide for family members and/or care staffs to discover the person;
Celebrate life achievements, special events, holidays, and other occasions that have been historically important to the person;
Promote and support mental stimulation;
Provide emotional comfort and pleasure;
Help engage the person in meaningful conversations about the past where memories are more vibrant and clearer;
Encourage social interactions between the person living with dementia, family members, and caregivers;
Provide meaningful interaction to calm the person living with dementia if overwhelmed by other people, events, and noises in the environment;
Use as a refocusing tool to support the person living with dementia in new and unfamiliar surroundings (e.g. hospital, moving to nursing home, changing rooms, etc.)³.

Making a Life Story Resource

Information Gathering

Gather information about the person living with dementia from family members, care staff, case files, or directly from the person living with dementia themselves.

Preparation of Materials

Prepare materials to create a life story, including old photographs, keepsakes, thick files, colored papers, decorative items, colored pencils, paint, glue, scissors, and clear plastic folders.

Topic Selection

Suggested topics to include in a life story:

About me – personal bio
Favourite food
Occupation
Home
Childhood
Favourite Idols
Travel
Retirement
Relationships – Significant relationship with family and friends
Legacy

If the person living with dementia has experienced sad or traumatic events that would cause great distress, you may want to avoid revisiting these life events. However, it may be helpful to explain these on a separate document that can be given to family members or other caregivers so that they can identify whether changes in behaviours are related to a specific events that have happened in the past.

What Does a Life Story Look Like?

When developing a life story with a person living with dementia, one of the following formats, or a combination of formats, can be considered:

Book

Collage

Video recording

Memory box

Personal profile document

Mobile phone application

The life story can be designed in any way that is meaningful to the person living with dementia. Those who prefer to do this virtually can do so using CARA, a lifestyle and community digital platform that provides easy access for persons living with dementia and caregivers to connect to an ecosystem of solutions via a mobile application. CARA has introduced a Care Circle feature, which allows family caregivers to collaborate on shared notes and create Memories, honouring and celebrating the life of their loved one with dementia. These Memory records can be used as personalised content, making every interaction throughout the dementia journey a meaningful one. Find out more about Care Circle here.

However, if you are looking for a more structured template, you can refer to the following resources:

Life Story Template
Source: Dementia UK

Dementia UK’s Life Story template is a practical tool for capturing personal histories, particularly for those with dementia. It offers customisable sections and a straightforward approach for easy documentation. Get started on your story today.

This is Me Template
Source: Alzheimer Society

This is me serves as a tool for life story work, helping caregivers record important details about the background, preferences, and significant life events of the person living with dementia. By using This is me, health and social care professionals can provide more personalised and attentive care based on a deeper understanding of the person living with dementia.

How Do You Engage Persons Living with Dementia in Creating a Life Story Resource?

Involving the person living with dementia as much as possible makes the life story more likely to reflect the person’s wishes and preferences and encourages a sense of ownership. The person living with dementia may also have very different views about the purpose of their life story resource. Respect their wishes about what goes into the life story and who will see it, now and in the future.

Engage and help them where needed, and write or type the information gathered so that they can see the story forming, with you. Try not to overload them with questions. It may be easier to start the conversations with open-ended questions. For example, you might say, “Can you share more about where you grew up?”.

Learn more about effective communication with persons living with dementia here.

Creating the life story may take days, weeks, or even months. Remember that you can always add more information to it later and check in with other family members and friends to provide key information if needed. Remember to also be sensitive as reflecting on one’s life can be emotional.

Conclusion

A life story resource does not stop here. It is retold and remains unfinished. It is also more likely to be successful if life story work is initiated early in the dementia journey. Do continue to add on to the stories and information as conversations with persons living with dementia continues.

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Integrating Play into Dementia Treatment Plans

aleene.chow — Tue, 27 Feb 2024 03:19:29 +0000

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Dementia, a progressive neurological disorder affecting millions globally, prompts a multidimensional approach to care. While pharmaceutical interventions are prevalent, the recognition of non-pharmacological strategies is on the rise. Play, seemingly incongruous with dementia, can also be incorporated into non-pharmacological treatments for dementia.

This article provides an overview of the benefits, types of activities, and strategies for incorporating play into dementia stage care settings.

Play as part of Non-Pharmacological Interventions in Dementia Care

Non-pharmacological interventions play a pivotal role in dementia care. These interventions encompass psychological, behavioral, and social techniques, enhancing overall care and optimizing cognitive and emotional functioning. These interventions generally focus on 6 functional domains¹:

Auditory music and rhythm
Visuospatial and fine motor skills
Language and verbal skills
Executive functions
Kinaesthetic and gross motor skills
Social functioning

Examples of non-pharmacological interventions which incorporate elements of play include:

Benefits of Play in Dementia Treatment

Engaging in play stimulates multiple brain areas², which over time can promote cognitive flexibility and problem-solving skills. It evokes positive emotions, boosts self-esteem, and improves social interaction. As early as a decade ago, play has been used as part of dementia treatments and has shown positive results for attention, concentration, memory and orientation³. A formal review of 15 such play interventions also pointed to greater emotional stability, cognitive functioning and general quality of life for persons living with dementia⁴.

Play can also serve as a therapeutic outlet for managing behavioral symptoms like agitation. It redirects focus, alleviates restlessness and reduces anxiety. Physical play activities, such as gentle aerobic exercises or dance movements, contribute to improved mobility, balance, and overall well-being.

In addition to these benefits, play enhances the quality of life by providing moments of joy, laughter, and connection. It creates opportunities for social engagement, fostering a sense of belonging and community.

Types of Play Activities for Persons Living with Dementia

Sensory Stimulation Activities

Using different scents, tactile experiences, and familiar mus.ic for multisensory engagement.
Using scents the individual associates with positive memories and different textures for enhanced stimulation.

Creative Expression through Arts and Crafts

Crafting activities for self-expression and emotional well-being.
Painting, sculpting, and creating collages for individuality and personal expression.
Different types of art like nagomi

Simple Games and Puzzles

Word puzzles, spatial reasoning games, and adapted board games for cognitive stimulation.
Adapting traditional games for accessibility and enjoyment.

Reminiscence and Storytelling Activities

Sharing personal stories and looking through photo albums for memory recall.
Reading aloud and engaging in group discussions for cognitive stimulation and social connection.

Strategies for Implementing Play in Dementia Care Settings

When integrating play into care settings, we have to consider the stage of dementia progression⁵ the individual is experiencing. It is best to carefully plan the activities to the needs of the person living with dementia and adjust with ongoing evaluation. Consider the following strategies:

Assessing the Person’s Individual Preferences:
- Conduct thorough assessments to understand preferences, abilities, and dementia stage.
- Tailor play activities based on assessments for maximum engagement.
Training Caregivers and Staff:
- Provide comprehensive training on incorporating play into daily care routines.
- Include strategies for adapting activities, being responsive to behaviour changes, and ensuring a safe environment.
Adapting Activities Based on stage of Dementia Progression:
- Regularly assess and adapt play activities to accommodate changing needs.
- Modify complexity, duration, or format to ensure continued stimulation and enjoyment.

Enhancing Engagement and Wellbeing with Dementia Toys

Specialized toys designed for people whose cognition has been affected by dementia can play a crucial role in enhancing their engagement during therapy sessions and increase their overall well-being. These dementia toys are designed with features that cater to their unique needs and preferences.

Here are some options for toys that you can use during play activities:

Sensory Stimulation Toys

Fidget Blankets: These blankets incorporate various textures, fabrics, and attachments, providing tactile stimulation and a soothing sensory experience.
Light-Up Sensory Balls: Colorful, soft balls with built-in LED lights that respond to touch, offering visual and tactile stimulation.

Reminiscence and Memory-Enhancing Toys

Memory Jogging Puzzles: Customized puzzles featuring familiar images or scenes from the past, promoting memory recall and cognitive stimulation.
Life Story Dolls: Personalized dolls with features resembling loved ones, sparking conversations and triggering memories.

Interactive Music and Sound Toys

Musical Memory Boxes: Personalized boxes that play familiar tunes or recorded messages, evoking memories and creating a sense of comfort.
Interactive Sing-Along Plush Toys: Soft toys that respond to touch by playing familiar songs, encouraging social interaction and enjoyment.

Adapted Games and Activities

Large Print Playing Cards: Playing cards with enlarged print for easy visibility, facilitating card games, and enhancing cognitive function.
Adapted Board Games: Specially designed board games with simplified rules and larger game pieces, promoting social engagement and enjoyment.
Adaptive Sports: Sporting activities modified to enable the active participation of players with differing abilities. These include Floorball and Ten-pin bowling suitable for players using wheelchairs. These activities facilitate a sense of achievement, boost mood and wellbeing

Motor-skill and Exercise Toys

Gentle Exercise Bands: Soft resistance bands designed for gentle exercises, promoting mobility, and improving muscle strength.
Balloon Volleyball Set: A lightweight set for seated balloon volleyball, encouraging physical activity and hand-eye coordination.

Integrating play into dementia treatment plans offers a myriad of benefits for the person’s overall well-being. By enhancing cognitive, emotional, and social well-being, play provides you with a sense of dignity, engagement, and purpose. Using the person-centered approach, diverse play activities, and caregiver training can transform dementia care settings into enriching environments for the person living with dementia, promoting their holistic well-being.

In conclusion, the integration of play into dementia treatment plans is not just a therapeutic strategy; it is also a profound avenue for enhancing the lives of those navigating the challenges of dementia. The diverse range of non-pharmacological interventions, coupled with the thoughtful inclusion of dementia toys, creates a holistic approach that goes beyond traditional medical models.

Play is a powerful tool in dementia care that has important cognitive, emotional and social benefits. By acknowledging the person’s individuality, tailoring activities to the person’s preferences, and recognizing the importance of play, we can pave the way for moments of joy, connection, and self-expression.

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ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTOR

MARY ANNE ROBERTO

Mary Anne Roberto, co-founder of Always Home Connected, is a CNA (Certified Nursing Assistant) and PAC certified independent consultant. As a specialist in dementia care, she aims to create awareness about those experiencing cognitive changes and to provide caregivers with the necessary resources and tools to alleviate some of the challenges they face on a day-to-day basis.

Dementia Practice Archives - DementiaHub.SG

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Benefits of Music Therapy for Persons Living with Dementia

Supported Evidence of Music Therapy

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Implementing Lifestyle Measures to Maintain Social Relationships and Keeping the Brain Actively Engaged

A Promising Approach for Local Dementia Care

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Risk Factors for Abuse in Dementia Care

Responding to Abuse

Ensure Immediate Safety

Document and Gather Evidence

Report the Abuse

Follow-up and Support

Conclusion

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In this Article

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Conclusion